People Want Equality

Disclaimer: While this certainly supports my arguments in GSQ (cf "The Ideal State") and my Moral Agents project, and my next door neighbor got a degree from UCD in political science a few years ago, I knew nothing of this research until today.

Participants in laboratory games are often willing to alter others' incomes at a cost to themselves, and this behavior has the effect of promoting cooperation^{1, 2, 3}. What motivates this action is unclear: punishment and reward aimed at promoting cooperation cannot be distinguished from attempts to produce equality⁴. To understand costly taking and costly giving, we create an experimental game that isolates egalitarian motives. The results show that subjects reduce and augment others' incomes, at a personal cost, even when there is no cooperative behavior to be reinforced. Furthermore, the size and frequency of income alterations are strongly influenced by inequality. Emotions towards top earners become increasingly negative as inequality increases, and those who express these emotions spend more to reduce above-average earners' incomes and to increase below-average earners' incomes. The results suggest that egalitarian motives affect income-altering behaviors, and may therefore be an important factor underlying the evolution of strong reciprocity⁵ and, hence, cooperation in humans.